Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India [20]

Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India [20]. Saliva samples collected from these patients were subjected to ELISA test for detection of Dengue antibody. A sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% were obtained for making a diagnosis of Dengue contamination. Conclusion: Many studies have been conducted by utilizing saliva as a diagnostic tool, especially in western population. Its advantages over venipuncture are many, especially as it is usually less invasive, safe, less expensive and as it allows large numbers of samples to be collected very easily for screening and epidemiological purposes. In a developing tropical country like India, such a diagnostic tool has to be motivated. Further research necessitates the implementation of saliva as a diagnostic tool. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: Dengue, Saliva, ELISA, Diagnostic tool Introduction Dengue Fever (DF) is an aged disease which is known by many names- break bone fever and dandy fever [1]. At the beginning of the 21st century; it is the most important arboviral disease observed among humans, with global reports going on the rise by an average of fivefold in the past 20 years [2]. Dengue is usually endemic or epidemic in almost every country which is located in the tropics [3]. A majority of Dengue cases are being reported from Asia, including India and it is a leading cause of hospitalization and death, especially among children [2,4]. The World Health Organization estimates that there may be 50 million to 100 million cases of Dengue computer virus infections worldwide every year, which may result in 250,000 to 500,000 cases of Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 24, 000 deaths each year [5]. Historically, Dengue was considered to be a debilitating but not a fatal illness. During the late 1960s and 1970s, outbreaks of fatal Dengue haemorrhagic fever changed this belief [6,7]. Dengue viruses are managed in transmission cycle, especially by the mosquito, em Aedes aegypti /em . Others such as Aealbopictus and Aepolynesiensis are also involved. The incubation period is usually 4C7 days (range 3C14 days) [8,9]. The clinical spectrum of disease ranges from asymptomatic contamination, moderate Dengue fever to DF, DHF, or Dengue shock syndrome, which is frequently fatal. Consistent haematological findings, especially thrombocytopaenia [10] and unusual manifestations such as miocardiopathy, hepatic failure, and neurological disorders have been reported [11C13]. Mucosal involvement is seen in about more than 15-20% of patients, which most commonly involve conjuctival and scleral margins, soft palate, lips and tongue [14]. Oral lesions rarely occur and if they are present, they are often mistaken for platelet abnormalities. Stanford reported that more than 50% cases show manifestations in the soft palate [15]. Hence, oral physicians must be able to differentiate between the varied presentations of such cases. Efforts made to decrease transmission by vector Fosravuconazole control have failed, and no effective antiviral treatment is usually available or foreseeable around the immediate horizon [12]. Hence, the importance of laboratory diagnosis of Dengue cannot be undermined. Serology is currently the method which is usually most widely applied for making its routine diagnosis [16], but one limitation is usually that it requires blood as a specimen for screening [17]. Salivary antibodies have been reported to be useful for the diagnosis of a number of infections and they have been widely studied in Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome, leptospirosis, measles, mumps, Hepatitis A and Rabbit Polyclonal to TNFRSF6B B and rubella, among others [18,19]. But there Fosravuconazole are only few reports on Dengue IgM, IgA, and IgG detections in saliva samples [20]. This prompted us to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the presence of Dengue antibody, its sensitivity and specificity by ELISA by using saliva as diagnostic tool. Materials and Methods This study was carried out at M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India [20]. Seropositive patients with Dengue contamination and 20 seronegative cases who were admitted to hospital, were considered. Consent for the study was obtained from Fosravuconazole every individual who participated in the study. Approval of.