(ii) The content of human serums in IgGs against DENV after a primary infection is usually higher during an infection by DENV1 and lower during infections with DENV2 and DENV3 when assayed by an indirect ELISA with recombinant ED3 domains as antigens [6]

(ii) The content of human serums in IgGs against DENV after a primary infection is usually higher during an infection by DENV1 and lower during infections with DENV2 and DENV3 when assayed by an indirect ELISA with recombinant ED3 domains as antigens [6]. with the serotype in the decreasing order DENV1? ?DENV2? ?DENV3? ?DENV4. The ED3 domain name of DENV1 gave the highest discrimination between DENV-infected and DENV-uninfected serums, whatever the infecting serotype, and thus behaved like a universal ED3 domain name for the detection of IgMs against DENV. Some ED3 serotypes discriminated between IgMs directed against the homotypic and heterotypic DENVs. The patterns of cross-reactivities and discriminations diverse with the serotype. Conclusions The results should help better understand the IgM immune response and protection against DENV since ED3 is usually widely used as an antigen in diagnostic assays Altiratinib (DCC2701) and an immunogen in vaccine candidates. alkaline phosphatase. We assayed human serums whose infectious status had been cautiously established. We analyzed the results of the MAC-ELISAs with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves because they provide Altiratinib (DCC2701) a global parameter, the accuracy of the test, that does not depend on the choice of a threshold in the test. These analyses gave statistical data on the capacity of the ED3 domain name of each serotype: i) to distinguish between human serums infected by one of the DENV serotypes and uninfected serums; and ii) to distinguish between serums infected by a homotypic DENV and serums infected by a heterotypic DENV. They also gave data around the serotypes of the ED3 domain name that are recognized by the IgMs of a serum infected by a given DENV serotype. The results showed that each viral serotype generated a specific pattern of Altiratinib (DCC2701) specificity and cross-reactivity. Methods Reagents and buffers PBS (phosphate buffered saline), Tween 20, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) and goat antibodies to human IgMs were purchased from Rabbit Polyclonal to GK Sigma-Aldrich; bovine serum albumin (BSA) from Roche; low-fat milk powder from Regilait; Maxisorp ELISA plates from NUNC. Buffer A contained 0.1% Tween 20 in PBS; buffer B, 5% (w/v) low-fat milk powder in buffer A; buffer C, 1% (w/v) low-fat milk powder in buffer A; buffer D, 10% diethanolamine, pH?9.8, 10?mM MgSO4, 20 M ZnCl2. Bacterial, plasmid and viral strains The plasmids encoding the H6-ED3-PhoA hybrids have been described [41]. Table?1 gives the origin of the viral ED3 domain name and the corresponding segment of the envelope protein. Table?2 gives the quantity of residue changes between the ED3 domains of any two DENV serotypes, and also between the ED3 domain name of any DENV serotype and the consensus ED3 domain name (DENVc) [63,64]. The productions of the H6-ED3-PhoA hybrids in the periplasmic space of and their purification from periplasmic extracts through their His-tag were performed essentially as explained [41]. The fractions of purification were analyzed by SDS-PAGE in reducing conditions. The purest fractions were pooled, snap-frozen and kept at ?80C. They were homogeneous at 95%. Table 1 Viral origins of the (H6-ED3-PhoA)2 dimers where the formation of the disulfide bonds is usually efficiently catalyzed [71]. In particular, site-directed mutagenesis experiments and the crystal structures of the complexes between the ED3 domains from your four serotypes of DENV and the scFv fragment of the broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody mAb4E11 have shown that this epitope of mAb4E11 is usually discontinuous, conformational, and included within the ED3 domain name [29,72]. PhoA is usually enzymically active only as a dimer. We have shown that this H6-ED3-PhoA hybrids have both their ED3 and PhoA portions correctly folded and active when they are produced in the periplasm. This result was obtained by measuring the specific activity of the hybrids for the dephosphorylation of pNPP in vitro and assaying their binding to immobilized mAb4E11 in an indirect ELISA, revealed with their intrinsic phosphatase activity [66]. In the H6-ED3-PhoA hybrids, the C-terminal residue of ED3 (residue 400 of the E protein) is usually linked to residue Val7 of the mature PhoA through a flexible linker tripeptide Thr-Ser-Gly [66]. The (H6-ED3-PhoA)2 dimers recognize both mAb4E11, as recalled above, and cell receptors [41,73]. Therefore, the ED3 domain name should be at least as accessible in Altiratinib (DCC2701) the (H6-ED3-PhoA)2 dimers as in the full and infectious DENV computer virus, where it interacts with the other domains of the E protein and its C-terminal residue is usually linked to the transmembrane region of the E protein and faces the lipid membrane [74]. Thus, the (H6-ED3-PhoA)2 dimers can be directly produced in a soluble, correctly folded, multimeric state in the periplasmic space of They can be produced and purified in a homogeneous state from periplasmic extracts. They constitute self-sufficient reagents since the ED3 antigen and PhoA reporter enzyme are covalently linked within the same molecule. MAC-ELISA based on such dimers involve a low quantity of actions or manipulations. The antigen is usually.