For example, a type I interferon signature can be found in many autoimmune disorders including lupus, dermatomyositis or type I diabetes

For example, a type I interferon signature can be found in many autoimmune disorders including lupus, dermatomyositis or type I diabetes. therapy between 2005 and 2008 and were treated with sustained virological suppression for at least two years. CIA was defined by the percentage of HLA-DR+/CD38+ among CD8+T-cells. Integrative analyses were performed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results The main analysis was performed in 57 HLA-A*0201 positive patients, due to availability of percentages of actin-, vimentin-, lamin-specific CD8+T-cells (HLA-A2-restricted tests) to further characterize autoimmune response. Cytomegalovirus-induced response was assessed by Quantiferon and pp-65 ELISPOT. SEM revealed a direct effect of cytomegalovirus-induced response on CIA (standardized estimate std = 0.56, p-value = 0.0004). The effect of autoimmune-induced response on CIA was indirect through alpha-interferon pathway, assessed by expression levels of 5 alpha-interferon-stimulated genes ADAR, ISG15, IFIT1, Mx1 and OAS1 (effect of autoimmune response on alpha-interferon: std = 0.36, p-value = 0.0401; effect of alpha-interferon on CIA: std = 0.39, p-value = 0.0044). There was no direct effect of autoimmune-induced response on CIA (p-value = 0.3169). Microbial translocation as measured by 16SrDNA and sCD14 in plasma was not associated with CIA. Results were Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) consistent in 142 patients in whom cytomegalovirus and auto-immunity responses were measured by Quantiferon and anti-nuclear antibodies, respectively. All analyses performed in HLA-A*0201 positive patients and in the overall populace revealed a significant effect of IFN- latent variable on CIA. Conclusion The role of cytomegalovirus-induced response on CIA was confirmed as well as the involvement of alpha-interferon on CIA. The indirect effect of auto-immunity response on CIA revealed through the alpha-interferon pathway requires further investigation to confirm the potential role of auto-immunity for CIA in HIV-infected patients. Introduction Immune activation is a leading factor for human immunodeficiency computer virus (HIV) disease progression [1, 2]. The persistence of immune activation is associated with both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non-AIDS Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) comorbidities [3C6] Rabbit Polyclonal to IRAK2 in patients under successful antiretroviral therapy with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) long-term virological suppression. Noteworthy, chronic type I alpha-interferon (IFN-) is usually a hallmark in chronic activation and has been reported as a factor influencing disease progression in persistent infections [7C9], including HIV [10C12]. The mechanisms driving chronic immune activation and type I interferon secretion are multifactorial and are not completely comprehended [13]. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and microbial translocation have been proposed as triggering factors for persistent immune activationassociated with HIV-1 contamination [14]. Microbial translocation and associated biomarkers, e.g. sCD14 and circulating plasma lipopolysaccharide [15C17], have been found to be implicated in the generation and maintenance of chronic immune activation. CMV is usually highly prevalent in HIV patients and may reactivate more frequently [18]. Indeed, HIV disrupts the balance between the host and coinfecting or dormant microbes, worsening control of these potential pathogens. HIV-infected adults are more likely to have subclinical bursts of CMV replication compared to the general populace. CMV reactivation and replication begin due to a progressive loss of immune function, and, in particular, due to a loss of cell-mediated immunity. Increased CMV-specific antibodies and/or T cells have been associated with atherosclerosis [19, 20] and impaired CD4 T-cell reconstitution [18] in HIV-infected patients on cART. Altogether, these data suggest that CMV coinfection may be a driver of persistent immune activation. Indeed, a randomized clinical trial with valgancyclovir in CMV-seropositive cART-treated patients (n = 30) found that both CMV DNA and expression of CD38+HLA DR+ on T cells declined significantly in patients given valgancyclovir therapy [21]. In parallel, auto-immune induced immune activation has also been suspected as a driver for immune activation but an association is less consistently found [22]. Hence, an increase in the proportion of autoreactive T-cells has been shown by Rawson et al [23]. The contribution of each of these factors potentially varying from patient to patient and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) over the course.